Classical Conservatism vs Contemporary Conservatism in US

Old style Conservatism versus Contemporary Conservatism in US Presentation Political philosophies in the United States have experienced a few changes in the previous century. For example, the nation moved from patriotism to radicalism during its monetary upsurge. In addition, there have been striking contrasts between â€Å"classical conservatism† and â€Å"contemporary conservatism.† This shows the country’s belief systems have changed after some time. Prior to the World War II, the world had three clashing belief systems, in particular, one party rule, socialism and liberalism.Advertising We will compose a custom basic composing test on Classical Conservatism versus Contemporary Conservatism in US explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dissidents and socialists met up to battle fundamentalists in the World War II. When extremists were crushed, a contention emerged among liberal and socialists, which prompted the Cold War that endured 40 years. The last was vanquished, notwithstanding, it didn't stop st rife among the nonconformists. Issues like race, sex, and gay, among others raised worry over the eventual fate of progressivism. This paper will investigate the contrasts between â€Å"classical conservatives† and â€Å"conservatives.† It will likewise attempt to investigate what the traditionalists guarantee to ration (Dolbeare and Cummings 115). Contrasts between old style moderates and traditionalists Classical conservatism is authored from Edmund Burke’s analysis of progressivism. It majored for the most part on liberal’s perspective on human instinct, administration, and opportunity. As per old style dissidents, people are normally objective, calculative, self-intrigued just as serious. In such manner, they amplify their bit of leeway to the detriment of others; they are administered by an arrangement of law. Additionally, this framework is administered by a negligible express that contained common society that has an implicit agreement to secure pr operty and freedom. In any case, old style traditionalists accept that people are not self-intrigued (Ball and Dagger 46-83). Truth be told, as indicated by Burke, people are animals of customs, conventions, and propensities, additionally, he accepts that people pass however the general public remains. Besides, old style traditionalists accept that opportunity is an unquestionable worth; interestingly, it meddles with another person’s happiness. Also, old style traditionalists don't accept that opportunity must be something to be thankful for; they accept that it very well may be and can't. Traditional preservationists, thusly, accept that majority rule government gives individuals an excessive amount of capacity to control themselves and it is at risk to mishandle (Ball and Dagger 46-83). Then again, moderates (otherwise called present day traditionalists) join themselves to current society esteems more than old style preservationists do. For example, they accept that opport unity works when it permits people to contend with others, which is particularly significant as far as economics.Advertising Looking for basic composition on political theories? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This belief system is very not the same as traditional preservationists who don't empower personal responsibility. Fundamentally, present day preservationists view private enterprise as opportunity (Ball and Dagger 93-120). In addition, traditionalists guarantee that issues are unpredictably straightforward being very not the same as the old style preservationist see that comprises in the way that issues are generally mind boggling given its social texture (Ball and Dagger 93-120). Curiously, present day preservationists have watered-down the vast majority of their unique belief systems to such a degree, that they are firmly connected to old style dissidents. End From the conversation above, it very well may be notice d that traditionalists have watered down a large portion of their previous accepts with changing political frameworks in the United States. It can likewise be noticed that preservationists are a lot nearer to nonconformists than their traditional partners are. In addition, it is obviously observed what moderates consider to have stayed, given the progressions that have happened throughout the hundreds of years. For example, while old style traditionalists are dubious of free enterprise, preservationists are most certainly not. Furthermore, present day moderates accept that issues are anything but difficult to fathom, something that is exceptionally questioned by their traditional partners (Ball and Dagger 93-120). Worked Cited Ball, Terence, and Dagger, Richard. Political Ideologies and the Democratic perfect, New York, NY: Pearson Press, 2009. Dolbeare, Kenneth, and Cummings Michael. American Political Thought, Washington: CQ Press, 2009. Print.

English Language and English Proficiency Levels Free Essays

string(89) instruments that are utilized to decide the outcomes on what is being educated by teachers. Carrie Wertepny Domain 1: Culture (Cross-Cultural Communications) Standard 1: Culture as a Factor in ELLs’ Learning Why are having Domain’s and Standards critical to instructors? Areas and Standards have a gigantic impact in giving instructors markers on their children’s exhibitions. We as educators need certain areas and norms on distinguishing and observing the children’s exhibitions all through the study hall. Having principles permits us as educators to show their degrees of capacity and exhibitions to be met. We will compose a custom article test on English Language and English Proficiency Levels or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Their are three degrees of principles that can be estimated on the children’s capacity how well they perform. The three kinds of principles that educators use are Approaches Standards, Meet Standards and Exceeds Standards. ( 2003. by instructors of English speakers of different dialects, Inc, TESOL ) In Culture (Cross-Cultural Communications) the principal space of five. Thisâ is a significant factor in ELLs to learn and comprehend the language information from the different foundations. The latest review says in (2005-2006) the number of inhabitants in ELL’s is up approximatelyâ 10 percent of the absolute state funded school selected and expanding each year. (Why TESOL? pg 5-6) Why TESOL? States, â€Å"Providing for the English Language students is one of the school areas most noteworthy difficulties. † Their are numerous pointers we can use to assist us with taking part in our children’s decent variety. A few thoughts I discovered intriguing to help would be, showing ancient rarities from various societies. Commending ethnic occasions during the time would be an incredible method to illuminate others and help the youngsters feel great. I accept that becoming more acquainted with your understudies foundation and taking part in their biographies will assist us with succeeding and be viable in their learning for ELL’s andâ their assorted foundation. Execution Indicators 1. 1. a. Comprehend and apply information about social qualities and convictions with regards to instructing and learning of ELLs, from assorted foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. b. Comprehend and apply information on ideas of social capability, especially information about how social personalities influence learning and scholastic advancement for understudies from differing foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. c. Utilize a scope of assets in finding out about the social encounters of ELLs and their families to direct educational plan advancement and guidance. . 1. d. Comprehend and apply information about the impacts of prejudice, generalizing, and separation in educating and taking in of ELLs from different foundations and at different English capability levels. 1. 1. e. Comprehend and apply information about home/school associations with assemble organizations with ELLs’ families (e. g. , Parent Leade rship Councils (PLC)). 1. 1. f. Comprehend and apply information about ideas identified with the interrelationship among language and culture for understudies from assorted foundations and at different English capability levels. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 1. 1| Why Tesol? Parts 1-4| Victor video, You tube| TSL 4081| | Domain 3: Methods of Teaching English to Speakers of Other Languages (ESOL) Standard 1: ESL/ESOL Research and History Teachers will show information on history, open arrangement, research and ebb and flow rehearses in the field of ESL/ESOL educating and apply this information to improve instructing and learning for ELLs. See joined paper) Performance Indicators 3. 1. a. Exhibit information on L2 showing techniques in their chronicled setting. 3. 1. b. Show consciousness of flow inquire about applicable to best practices in second language and education guidance. 3. 1. c. Exhibit information on the development of laws and strategy in the ESL calling, including program models for ELL guidance. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 3 . 1| Why Tesol? School look into paper and Reserch| TSL 4081| | Hyperlinks to (connected records must be spared in the Portfolio organizer) Attachment(s): School investigate paper URL(s): Summary: See appended paper, for Domains 1,3,5 Domain 5: Assessment (ESOL Testing and Evaluation) Standard 1: Assessment Issues for ELLS Teachers will comprehend and apply information on appraisal issues as they influence the taking in of ELLs from differing foundations and at different English capability levels. Models incorporate social and phonetic predisposition; testing in two dialects; sociopolitical and mental elements; specialized curriculum testing and evaluating talent; the significance of measures; the distinction among developmental and summative appraisal; and the contrast between language capability and different kinds of evaluation (e. g. , normalized accomplishment tests). Educators will likewise comprehend issues around responsibility. This incorporates the ramifications of normalized evaluation instead of execution based appraisals, and issues of lodging in formal testing circumstances. As educators it is essential to comprehend and be careful with the distinctive testing and evaluating the understudies. Testing and evaluation are two altogether different things. Mitchell (1992) states that a test is a â€Å"single-event, one-dimensional, and planned exercise, generally in numerous decision or short-answer structure. † (Why Tesol, pp 201)  Tests are given in a similar time span and the conditions never show signs of change. They call these state sanctioned tests. Not every state sanctioned test work for everybody, particularly English Language Learners (Ell)s . An appraisal on an understudy is a done on a more extensive scope of a scale. We as instructors need to get an increasingly oral evaluation on the information, foundation, history, language where the (ELL)s originated from. After entering another school just because, us as instructors need to have a deep understanding of our student’s foundation and language. We ask each parent or gatekeeper to round out a Home Language Survey (HLS) which in tails around 3-5 inquiries concerning their language utilized at home. This (HLS) will give us a sign how much school the understudy has had and a foundation about their family just as their local language. It is dependent upon chairmen to ensure the understudies are set accurately and instructors to watch and report their language development consistently. With respect to the testing and evaluating, formal and casual are a kind of appraisal that is acquired to educate ESL understudies. It is imperative to test them on their phonetic aptitudes, which incorporate, phonology, morphology, grammar, and jargon. These are simply language evaluations instruments that are utilized to decide the outcomes on what is being educated by educators. You read English Language and English Proficiency Levels in classification Language Formal measures depend on state sanctioned test. They are extremely organized, coordinated and prepared to be given and regulated by exceptionally severe standards. It is here and there hard for and (ELL)s to step through a proper exam because of their reading,writing capacities. Concerning casual measures, they are somewhat more active learning. As instructors we can do exercises and decide understudies qualities orally and outwardly. Their is no set time and can be given in different dialects not simply English. It is significant the understudy is surveyed effectively for the right position in his/her program. It is likewise critical to comprehend the government laws that correspond with the equivalent instructive open doors for all understudies paying little heed to national inception, ethnicity,or dialects. (Why TESOL? , 2010)  The assent order was a law that was passed that comprises of six unique principals to be met in each segment. Each (ELL)s understudy must be evaluated in six stages which include: distinguishing proof, proper and clear cut programming (LEP), faculty, checking and result measures. (Why TESOl? pp 210) After the (ELL)s are estimated they currently are set in a specific level. Levels, for example, (A1-E) every one of these levels demonstrate what (ESOL) administration or essential program they will be set into. Ensuring the correct appraisals are given previously, during and after school is exceptionally vital to ones learning. The extremely introductory beginning of school is the most significant assessment and steps that should be taken to observe the right principles and laws for the English Language Learner. Execution Indicators 5. 1. a. Exhibit a comprehension of the reasons for appraisal as they identify with ELLs of various foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. b. Distinguish an assortment of appraisal techniques suitable for ELLs of differing foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. c. Show a comprehension of suitable and substantial language and education appraisals for ELLs of different foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. d. Exhibit comprehension of the points of interest and impediments of appraisals, including the variety of facilities took into account ELLs of assorted foundations and at different English capability levels. 5. 1. e. Recognize among ELLs’ language contrasts, skill, and specialized curriculum needs. Course| Indicator(s)| How I found out about this Standard| Evidence that I found out about this standard| TSL 4080| 5. 1| Why Tesol? Parts 22-26| Power point/You tube| TSL 4081| | Standard 2: Language Proficiency Assessment: Teachers will fittingly utilizes and decipher an assortment of language capability appraisal instruments to meet region, state, and government rules, and to advise their instruc

Questions to Ask Yourself After a Preliminary Diagnosis

Questions to Ask Yourself After a Preliminary Diagnosis Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Print 5 Questions to Ask Yourself After an Initial Diagnosis How an Initial Diagnosis Isnt Always Correct By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on January 27, 2020 Blend Images - Ned Frisk / Brand X Pictures / Getty Images More in Phobias Symptoms and Diagnosis Causes Treatment Types While not an official clinical term, the phrase “initial diagnosis” or preliminary diagnosis, is sometimes used informally to refer to the diagnosis that a client receives after an intake interview. Psychological disorders can be complex and difficult to accurately diagnose, but many insurance companies require an immediate diagnosis to pay for treatment. However, after receiving an initial  diagnosis from a physician, its important to verify that you, in fact, are suffering from this condition. The initial diagnosis is often correct, but many therapists caution their clients that the diagnosis may change after further sessions. There are many cases of misdiagnosis, especially in the mental health field where one disorder or phobia can have very similar symptoms and causes. A very basic example of misdiagnosis  would be a doctor saying you have the flu, when in fact, you only have a viral infection. 5 Questions to Ask Yourself For this reason, you want to take the proper steps toward treating your condition. Here are a few questions to ask yourself: Do I want to get a second opinion? If you are being  diagnosed with a serious medical or psychological disorder its important to seek a second opinion, as some  diagnosis can be subjective.Do I need a specialist? Make sure the doctor who is providing the diagnosis is qualified to do so. In the case of psychological disorders, this diagnosis is best provided by a mental health professional.Do I need to submit this diagnosis to my insurance company? Your initial diagnosis may be important to your insurance company, but may not always be correct. If your insurance policy allows, it may be wise to wait for a final diagnosis before submitting it to your insurance company.Am I covered for further testing and treatment? Even before you submit the diagnosis to your insurance company you may want to speak to a human resource professional at your company to determine what is and isnt covered under your plan, and whether you need authorizations or special approvals going forward.Do I have any r eason to believe Ive been misdiagnosed? There are countless cases of misdiagnosis for a variety of reasons. This is why seeking a second opinion is important.

Blindness Of King Lear By William Shakespeare - 1077 Words

Mona Rupani ENG4U March-9- 2015 How is the theme of blindness explored in King Lear? The play King Lear, written by William Shakespeare, the theme of blindness is clearly illustrated in the characters of King Lear and Gloucester. Both characters are blind to the truth because of their unwariness and poor judgment of character. These two characters refused to see the truth about the ones that are loyal to them. This type of blindness in this play is mental. Mental blindness can also be described refusing to see the truth because of one’s personality. The characters blindness was the reason of bad decisions that led to disasters. The nature causes and effects of blindness can be seen with King Lear and Gloucester, as these characters correspond to each other. At the very start of the play, though Lear has physical ability to see, but he is blind in the sense that he lacks understanding. Lear cannot identify people for truly what they are, as he only sees what is on the surface. The moral blindness abuses his relationship with his most beloved daughter Cor delia, and the loyal friend Kent. The first mistake he made that was affected by his blindness was the giving away of his land to his daughter. He states, â€Å"Which of you shall we sat doth love us most? That we our largest bounty may extend†. This quote shows that he wants to gives his land that loves him most. His two daughters, Goneril and Regan to state their love to him for their share of his kingdom, andShow MoreRelatedBlindness By William Shakespeare s King Lear2212 Words   |  9 PagesMaysoun Deeb Mr. A. T. Lebar EN4UN-04 13 July 2015 King Lear Blindness by definition, according to dictionaries, is â€Å"unable to see and lacking the sense of sight† by which King Lear, the classic tragic play written by William Shakespeare, illustrated the concept of blindness amongst his characters as the leading theme. King Lear and Gloucester were the characters that have been conflicted by this â€Å"blindness† that may or may not change their personalities in the very end of the play. Gloucester becomesRead MoreSight vs. Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare511 Words   |  2 Pages The theme of sight versus blindness appears several times in the tragedy King Lear by William Shakespeare. In the opening scene of the play, we see King Lear as himself. The audience is left to explore his character on their own. The Earl of Gloucester is another character that is blinded. The theme of eyesight or lack of it refers to the physical and metaphorical blindness of the characters in the play. Lear announces that his kingdom is up for grabs but his daughters must express their loveRead MoreEssay on The Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare862 Words   |  4 PagesThe Theme of Blindness in King Lear by William Shakespeare Shakespeares King Lear tells of the tragedies of two families. At the head of each family is a father who cannot see his children for what they are. Both fathers are lacking in perceptiveness, so the stories of the two families run parallel to each other. In Lears case, two of his daughters fool him into believing their lies. Lear shuts out his third daughter because she cannot her love into words the way he wants her to. GloucesterRead MoreElements Of Tragedy In King Lear1627 Words   |  7 Pagesyears, William Shakespeare creates a name for himself as a master of intertwining pathos in his plays by effectively evoking pity from readers. The literary device of a double plot efficiently amplifies the emotions within a play. With the aid of the paralleling plots between Gloucester and his two sons and King Lear and his three daughters, Shakespeare effectively uses pathos to introduce elements of tragedy in King Lear. Through the parallels between the betrayal of Gloucesterâ₠¬â„¢s son and King Lear’sRead More Sight and Blindness in Shakespeares King Lear - Lack of Vision1477 Words   |  6 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear      Ã‚  Ã‚   In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play.    These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphoricalRead More Blindness and Sight - Lack of Insight in King Lear Essays1082 Words   |  5 PagesBlindness as Lack of Insight in King Lear   Ã‚  Ã‚   Blindness can normally be defined as the inability of the eye to see, but according to Shakespeare, blindness is not only a physical impairment, but also a mental flaw some people possess.   Shakespeares most dominant theme in his play King Lear is that of blindness.   King Lear, Gloucester, and Albany are three characters through which Shakespeare portrays his theme of mental blindness, that blindness which was the primary cause of their poorRead MoreKing Lear by William Shakespeare803 Words   |  3 PagesBlindness is a theme that we see throughout King Lear in many characters including King Lear, Gloucester and Albany. Although blindness is a theme it is also a psychological metaphor and can be defined as not having sight.2 Shakespeare forces us to see that being blind is a mental flaw just as much as it is a physical flaw. Lear is not only metaphorically blind but is also blind toward nastiness and loyalty . We see Gloucester’s blindness in more lite ral terms as he is literally blind but he canRead MoreKing Lear, By William Shakespeare938 Words   |  4 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s tragic play King Lear is a play that occupies a critical place in the great playwright’s cannon. Harold Bloom noted that it, along with Hamlet, can be thought of as a kind of â€Å"secular scripture or mythology†. If we accept Bloom’s reading, then it becomes possible to read the play as a kind of a parable and to read it’s symbolism in terms of the way that those symbols have been teased out in scripture and in mythology. In particular, this essay will consider how blindness functionsRead MoreSight and Blindness in King Lear1615 Words   |  7 PagesSight and Blindness in King Lear In King Lear, the recurring images of sight and blindness associated with the characters of Lear and Gloucester illustrate the theme of self-knowledge and consciousness that exist in the play. These classic tropes are inverted in King Lear, producing a situation in which those with healthy eyes are ignorant of what is going on around them, and those without vision appear to see the clearest. While Lears blindness is one which is metaphorical, the blindness of GloucesterRead MoreThe Perception Of Blindness Versus Ability1130 Words   |  5 PagesENG4U0-B October 15, 2014 The perception of blindness versus ability to see truths in King Lear Blindness is a motif that readers see throughout King Lear in many characters such as Lear and Gloucester since they are unable to see the truth. Although blindness in the modern world is defined as not having sight, William Shakespeare tells readers that being able to see does not mean morally and spiritually you can see. Lear’s blindness causes him not to see the treachery behind Goneril and

People throught out the world and throughout time all had...

People throught out the world and throughout time all had different perceptions of death. Some people accepted death cause they knew sooner or later it was going to get them and there is no way to escape it. Other people ran trying to escape death cause they were afraid of death but they still could never escape death. Death is one of the few forces in reality that is absolute. In Harrison Bergeron by Kurt Vonnegut Jr. a ballerina and Harrison break off their handicaps so they no longer have to be equal with anyone else. Both of them know by doing so they will be killed but even death does not stop them. Harrison and the ballerina would rather die and be different than to be equal and have their individual abilities suppresed. In the†¦show more content†¦Mallard passes away. In the poem As Befits a Man by Langston Hughes the narrator says he doesnt care if he dies, but he doesnt want to die alone. The narrator wants a grand ceremony if he dies, he wants to be remembered. The carpenter from The Workbox by Thomas Hardy uses the the workbox he built to show juxtapoistions of life and death, extravagent and plain. Though Ivan from The Death of Ivan Ilyich by Leo Tolstoy died happily he did not at first accept death. Ivan wanted more time so he could reflect on his life and all the things he regrets. Ivan finally accepted death when he relized that it would be better for his family if he were to die. Walter Mitty from The Secret Life of Walter Mitty by James Thurber would fantasize so he did not have to be apart of the boring events that happen reality frequently. In Walters last fantasy he stood against a firing squad; this symbolized that will and imagination overcome boring reality. The narrator of Do Not Go Gentle into that Good Night by Dylan Thomas says that old men even though they are going to die soon should leave the world kicking and screaming. The narrator describes how certain men will percieve and react to death. The old men know they are goi ng to die but still fight against death for as long as possible. The way I percieve death is that it is absoulute and no living thing can ever escape it. Nor should we be afraid of death it is simply aShow MoreRelatedDeath : Death And Death844 Words   |  4 PagesIn the United States over two million people die a year (Death). With death comes the questions countless people wonder about. What is Death? Why did they die? Why couldn’t it have been someone else? When a loved one is lost, these questions could be circling through their heads. Death is when someone’s time on Earth has come to a close, there are numerous causes of death and people often wonder why it has to happen. Death is a part of life that everybody has to deal with. There is no way aroundRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death1300 Words   |  6 PagesOn the topic of death, a question had been made on whether immortality is preferable to dying. In Plato’s Phaedo, Socrates’ death scene, So crates has one last philosophical conversation with his friends about what happens to the soul when it leaves the body after death. Socrates believes that the soul is immortal, meaning that it will live on even when the body does not. The themes in Phaedo are similar to those in Leo Tolstoy’s â€Å"The Death of Ivan Ilych,† which tells the story of a man named IvanRead MoreDeath Of Death And Death1270 Words   |  6 Pagesthought to the subject of death. To be more accurate: throughout my entire life I have never allowed myself to give much thought to the subject of death. Both of my parents are very easy going, optimistic individuals so death was not a subject that was ever really touched on. The only times that I really remember discussing it was in church (and I rarely ever paid attention to this). Despite this lack of contemplation, I have always known that I am very anxious about death, so when I filled out theRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death1515 Words   |   7 Pages Everyone is familiar with the theme of death. â€Å"According to experience, death is the stopping of a behavior, the stopping of expressive movements and of physiological movements and processes†¦It is a departure, a decease, a negativity to the unknown†¦a departure without a return†(Levinas). Regardless of belief, death is the one equalizer common to man. There are countless stories attempting to illustrate or explain both the feeling and the nature of death given many various outcomes, fortunate orRead MoreThe Death Of Death1218 Words   |  5 Pagesor in other words, 55.3 million people die per year. Death is never a comfortable conversation to have with others but death is common especially among the elderly population. Atul Gawande in Being Mortal talks about how death takes many people by surprise and the descriptions of aging and dying. All the while living better through the understanding of death. The author is trying to express that even th ose in the medical field struggle with death and not ensuring the well-being of the patients thatRead MoreThe Death Of Death And Death2332 Words   |  10 PagesDeath affects people in a variety of ways, often differing throughout cohorts and cultures. Death does not affect everyone in the same way, and often life experiences have a key role in shaping how we view death. Most of these interviewees were from rural Iowa, and could show a contrast from the single interviewee from Tennessee. For this paper, I intend to showcase how several individuals can view death in a variety of ways, and how they can each face their own unique set of problems and resourcesRead MoreDeath Is Not Death?2195 Words   |  9 Pagesyet inevitable fate of all mankind; death. We spend our entire lives fearing death as well as theorizing and developing ways to live longer and put off our own eventual demise. Death is universally feared, even from a young age we are aware of the fact that death is the ultima tely the worst thing that could possibly happen to any mortal being. Death is defined as the â€Å"permanent ending of vital processes in a cell or tissue†. When thought of in these terms death does not seem like anything to be soRead MoreThe Death Of Death System898 Words   |  4 Pages The death system according to Kastenbaum (2012) is â€Å"the interpersonal and symbolic network, through which an individual’s relationship to mortality is mediated by his or her society† (p.102). This means that we face death as individuals and face it as a society and culture. The death system teaches members of a group concerning death, using mental, emotional and behavioral components and functions. There are five component: People, Places, Times, Objects and Symbols and seven function: warningRead MoreDeath Is The End Of Death1688 Words   |  7 PagesThere Is Nothing To Fear In Death. Everybody will die at some point. I know death is coming and there is nothing to fear about it because I believe that there is nothing about it on the other side to be afraid of. I was content, perfectly, to be precise before I was born and I believe it will be the same state even with death. In this essay, I will talk try to talk about why there is nothing to be afraid of in death. It is evident that death cannot be experienced, in the physical form. This is becauseRead MoreDeath By The Broom Of Death872 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"But death also goes through the world dressed as a broom, lapping the floor, looking for dead bodies, death is inside the broom, the broom is the tongue of death looking for corpses, it is the needle of death looking for thread.† Birth marks the beginning of life and is often celebrated while death gets such a bad reputation because of it signifies the end of life as an inevitable fate to humans. We tiptoe around death with hopes that it goes away and watch as it snuffs out life from those we once

Effects of Nationalism After French Revolution Free Essays

After the French Revolution and the Napoleonic Era, people were brought together by the French army marching through their country. During the nineteenth century nationalism became a great aspect of life. Both writer and artist works were greatly influenced by nationalistic ideals and brought people together. We will write a custom essay sample on Effects of Nationalism After French Revolution or any similar topic only for you Order Now Nationalism became a very popular thing after the Napoleonic Era, when people saw how the French carried themselves as a people of a nation. This is when other nations started to strive for links between their people. One major forerunner was language. People saw language as one way to unify as a nation, and create a brotherhood between its people. The whole idea of roots and back story also influenced the literature of the nineteenth century as well. Many writers works were influenced from the nineteenth century was influenced by Nationalistic ideals. One set of writers who showed the idea of nationalism were the Brothers Grimm in their Grimm’s Fairy Tales. Grimm’s Fairy Tales is a collection of German fairy tales all in one book. They used these collection of fairy tales to create a German identity, by saying these were the tales passed on from generation to generation in German culture. Another writer that shows nationalism is Aleksandr Pushkin in his work The Bronze Horseman. The Bronze Horseman tells the tale of Evgenii and how he ends up going mad and getting killed by the statue of Peter. This shows nationalism in the fact that in the introduction of the poem, he talks about the founding of St. Petersburg and how great Russia is. Artist also had many works that portrayed nationalistic ideals. One piece of art that without a doubt showed nationalism was La Liberte guidant le peuple by Eugene Delacroix. This painting depicts â€Å"Mother France† leading her people into battle during the French Revolution. It shows Mother France with torn clothes and a French flag above her head which show how she wanted to bring her people all under the French flag and join them together. Another painting that depicts nationalism is The Bard by John Martin. This painting shows a Welsh bard running from a massacre that had just happened in a town off in the background of the painting. This showed nationalism in the idea that no matter what the English would send upon the Welsh they would always stand strong as a people and never give in to the English repression. All these different works show different aspects of nationalism. The Brother Grimm with the Grimm’s Fairy Tales, showed German nationalism in the fact that it created German folklore for people to come around. Aleksandr Pushkin’s The Bronze Horseman showed nationalism in that it tells how great Russia is and no matter what happens it will forever keep its greatness. Eugene Delacroix’s painting La Liberte Guidant le people shows French nationalism in that it shows the French people all coming together under one flag to fight alongside Mother France and were willing to die for her. In The Bard by John Martin shows Welsh nationalism in that no matter what the English did to them they would never give in. In sum, nationalism became a major aspect of life in the nineteenth century. People came together and many new nations began to form in response to these new ideals of nationalism. Nationalism led to many great things, like the unification of Germany in 1871. How to cite Effects of Nationalism After French Revolution, Essay examples

Business Foundation Marketing Goals and Plans

Question: Discuss about the case study Business Foundation for Marketing Goals and Plans. Answer: Introduction For this research paper, I would like to select McDonalds Australia Holdings company as a research company. This paper would be helpful to develop a marketing plan for the success and growth of the organization. Along with this, this research paper would portray a target market and also produces a new sustainable product that the firm may introduce in its target market to attract more customers. This research paper would also be beneficial in order to provide background information and to conduct SWOT analysis of the organization. Moreover, by considering the SWOT analysis, this paper would be helpful in order to describe the segment variables as well as target market of the organization. This paper would also elucidate the customer value that is provided by the new product of the firm. Furthermore, this paper would also be valuable in order to explain how the new product fits with the SWOT analysis through describing one strategy profile being addressed. Company Background McDonalds Australia Holdings Limited is a private company that establishes as well as manages a chain of family restaurants. In other words, McDonald's generates its profits from the establishment as well as management of the McDonald's chain of restaurants in Australia. The head office of the company is located in Thornleigh, New South Wales. It is a subsidiary of McDonalds Australia Property Funding LLC. The company employs just about 6,600 employees to serve the customers in an effective and a proper manner (McDonald's Australia, 2016). Along with this, the organization generates income by providing food and beverages services to the customers. For case, hamburgers, cheeseburgers, French fries, chicken, desserts, and beverages are the major products/services that the form provide to its customers. In addition to this, McDonalds uses different and innovative marketing strategies as well as tactics in order to accomplish competitive advantages over the competitors. SWOT Analysis SWOT analysis refers as a study that is assumed by business organizations in order to make out their internal strengths as well as weaknesses, and their external opportunities along with threats. The below given table is helpful to represent the SWOT analysis of McDonald's: Internal Environment Strengths Weaknesses Strong brand name and value in the global market High quality food Strong financial position (Bhm, 2009). Highest fast food market share Partnership with best brands Affordable price Healthy environment and professional training to employees Low product differentiation Unhealthy food menu Children targeting strategy (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2008). Negative publicity External Environment Opportunities Threats Product diversification Upgraded Menu (Mcfarlin and Sweeney, 2014). Initiate of home meal delivery services Adaptation of new technology High competition Healthy Lifestyles Trend More Health-Conscious Customers GMO regulations (Davidson, 2012). Finding In this section, I would like to discuss the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis of McDonald's Australia Holdings Limited. I will describe all the major elements of the SWOT analysis in an effective and a proper manner. Explanation of the SWOT Table: The above given table is helpful to identify the internal strengths and weaknesses of the company. Along with this, the table is also valuable to make out the external opportunities and threats of the firm. All the major elements of SWOT analysis are described as below: Strengths: The strengths of McDonalds make it a global leader in the fast food restaurant market. The major strengths of McDonalds are as below: Strong Brand Name and Value in the Global Market: McDonalds has a strong brand name and image in the market that makes it competitively strong in the marketplace (Yuece, 2012). High Quality Food: McDonalds offers safe and high quality food to the customers that also make it superior in the market. Strong Financial Position: The financial position of the McDonald's is very strong. For case, in 2015, the firm generated approximately $25 billion revenue in all over the world. Highest Fast Food Market Share: McDonalds holds highest market share in the industry. For case, it holds 77% market share in burger fast food industry. It is also one of the major strength of the firm (Boone and Kurtz, 2015). Partnership with Best Brands: McDonald's has its partnership with best brands and also serves products of popular brands such as: Coca Cola, Heinz ketchup, Dannon Yogurt, and so on to its customers. Affordable Price: McDonalds offers a large variety of food beverage products at a very affordable and reasonable price to its customers (Wright, Frazer and Merrilees, 2007). Healthy Environment and Professional Training To Employees: McDonalds provides a very healthy environment to its customers and employees. Moreover, the firm also provides professional training to its employees; so they can deal with customers in a professional and polite manner. Weaknesses: The weaknesses of McDonalds are connected to the products, market focus, and processes of the firm. The major weaknesses of the firm are as follow: Low Product Differentiation: McDonalds is providing the similar fast food products the same as its competitors to the customers that is the major weakness of the firm (Mcfarlin and Sweeney, 2008). Unhealthy Food Menu: McDonalds takes in unhealthy meals as well as drinks in its menu that has become a major reason of obesity. Children Targeting Strategy: McDonalds mainly focuses and targets to the children to increase the profitability of the firm (Fleisher, and Bensoussan, 2015). Negative Publicity: McDonalds is identified for carbs, fat, sugar and salt loaded food that is also one of the major weakness of the firm. Opportunities: The opportunities of the firm are associated to its product mix as well as global growth. This element of the SWOT analysis is a sign of the external strategic factors that hold up the success and growth of business (Boone, and Kurtz, 2014). The core opportunities McDonalds are as below: Product Diversification: The firm has the opportunity to develop new and diverse products to increase its sales and revenues. Upgraded Menu: In current, the demand of healthier food has been increased. In this situation, McDonalds may upgrade its menu by including healthier and organic products/services to capture this opportunity in an effective way (Lamb, Hair and McDaniel, 2012). Initiate of Home Meal Delivery Services: McDonalds must capture the opportunity of delivering foods at home or offices in order to improve its customer base effectually. Adaptation of New Technology: McDonalds must make use of advanced technologies to deliver very fast services to its customers (Boone and Kurtz, 2015). Threats: McDonalds threats are based on the socio-cultural trends as well as competitive rivalry. The major threats to the business are as below: High Competition: High completion is a major threat that limits the business growth of the firm. The main reason behind it is that, in current, the restaurant industry has become highly competitive (Payne, and McDonald, 2012). Healthy Lifestyles Trend: The healthy lifestyles trend is also a major threat to McDonald. It is because of it put off consumers from eating at McDonalds that offers unhealthful products to the customers. More Health-Conscious Customers: Many consumers has become very health conscious. They prefer organic products and healthier products. This has become the major subject of concern or threat to the McDonalds. GMO Regulations: GMO regulations are also a major threat for the McDonalds. It is because of they have the prospective to limit products of the firm. In current, McDonalds does not have an inclusive policy on GMO ingredients (Boone and Kurtz, 2010). In this way, this element of the SWOT analysis explains that McDonalds should develop new policies as regards GMO ingredients products and also produce healthier products in order to attract health-conscious consumers. Recommendations On the basis of the explanation of all the major elements of the SWOT analysis, it can be said that McDonalds can enhance its business capability all the way through continuous global expansion, more than ever in high-growth markets. In addition to this, the firm can condense risks by developing new products and also entering new industries that is linked to the fast food restaurant industry. On the other hand, the firm should use effective strategies in order to improve its position in the marketplace. Target Market: McDonalds should target different age group customers in place of the children to improve the market position in long run. The firm should make changes in its products and also introduce different flavors, different taste fast food, and beverage products to target as well as attract the different age group customers. New Product Description: McDonalds should introduce healthier and organic products in order to attract health-conscious consumers. For example, the firm should introduce fresh juices, energy drinks, and fruit vegetable smoothies in order to retain health conscious consumers in an effective way (McDonald, 2007). Along with this, McDonalds should provide organic products, vegetables fresh fruit, and the products that contain all-natural ingredients to the customers. Customer Value Proposition: The success of an organization totally depends on its customers. McDonalds should provide full value to its customers in order to improve its position in the market place. McDonalds can give full value to the customers all the way through providing healthy products to them. Moreover, McDonalds should listen in its customers carefully and also implement suggestion provided by them in order to enhance the market position in an effective and a more comprehensive manner. Justification of New Product: The SWOT analysis points out that the unhealthy foods or products loaded with carbs, fat, and sugar is the major weakness of McDonalds (McDonald, 2007). As a result, McDonalds should adopt and implement an innovation strategy in order to produce fresh juices, fruit vegetable smoothies, energy drinks, fruit vegetable juice, and vegetable foods products to retain its existing customers and to attract new customers in an effective and a significant manner. References Bhm, A. (2009). The SWOT Analysis. Australia: GRIN Verlag. Boone, L. and Kurtz, D. (2010). Contemporary Marketing 2011. USA: Cengage Learning. Boone, L. E. and Kurtz, D. L. (2014). Contemporary Marketing, Update 2015. Australia: Cengage Learning. Boone, L. E. and Kurtz, D. L. (2015). Contemporary Marketing.USA: Cengage Learning. Davidson, H. (2012). Offensive Marketing. Australia: Routledge, Fleisher, C.S. and Bensoussan, B.E. (2015). Business and Competitive Analysis: Effective Application of New and Classic Methods. Australia: FT Press. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J. F. and McDaniel, C. (2008). Essentials of Marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. Lamb, C.W., Hair, J.F. and McDaniel, C. (2012). Marketing. USA: Cengage Learning. McDonald, M. (2007). Malcolm McDonald on Marketing Planning: Understanding Marketing Plans and Strategy. Australia: Kogan Page Publishers. McDonald, M. (2007). Marketing Plans: How to Prepare Them, how to Use Them. Australia: Butterworth-Heinemann. McDonald's Australia. (2016). About Maccas. [Online]. Available at: https://mcdonalds.com.au/about-maccas [Accessed On: 4th Aug. 2016]. Mcfarlin, D. and Sweeney, P.D. (2014). International Management: Strategic Opportunities Cultural Challenges. Australia: Routledge. Mcfarlin, D.B. and Sweeney, P.D. (2008). International Management 2008 Edition: Strategic Opportunities And Cultural Challenges. Australia: Dreamtech Press. Payne, A. and McDonald, M. (2012). Marketing Planning for Services. Australia: Routledge. Wright, O., Frazer, L. and Merrilees, B. (2007). McCafe: the McDonald's co-branding experience. Journal of Brand Management, 14(6), pp. 442-457. Yuece, I. (2012). SWOT Analysis of McDonalds and Derivation of Appropriate Strategies. Australia: GRIN Verlag.

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. The WritePass Journal

A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. Introduction A examination and valuation of Lush Ltd. IntroductionHistoryLeadership teamGlobal brandProductsIngredientsEthos and campaigningBenefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Free Cash Flow Valuation AssumptionsValuation Stages Related Introduction Lush is about passion and innovation: passionate about the nature, environment and growth; and innovative for its handmade, unpacked and fresh cosmetics, seductive perfumes, and natural products. Born from the ashes of Cosmetics to Go, Lush is now headquartered in Poole, Dorset in the UK. The company was initially registered with the Companies House by the name of Cosmetic House Limited in 1994 but was later renamed to Lush in the year 1995. It now operates over 600 stores in 43 countries worldwide. The fuel for this growth has been the result of adopting fresh natural ingredients, ideas and fun. The company’s’ ideology is the most important part of everything that it signifies. Lush produces and sells a range of handmade products, like face masks, soaps, bath bombs, bubble bars, hand and body lotions, hair treatments, etc. Lush uses natural resources like fruits, vegetables, essential oils, and synthetic ingredients without any animal fat in all its products. It is also against animal testing and performs tests solely with volunteers instead. This philosophy of its leaders attracts like-minded people, staff and clients, and communicates the brand essence with a clear vision and direction. History The original incarnation of what is now Lush began in the 1970s when Mark Constantine, an herbal trichologist, and Elizabeth Weir, incorporated a company named Constantine Weir. They began with developing recipes for bath and beauty products and toted them round to potential buyers. Their verdict was: â€Å"Too earnest, very authentic, not at all commercial.†Ã‚   Constantine Weir was one of the associate and suppliers to The Body Shop (acquired by LOrà ©al in 2006), a UK -based company founded in 1976 by http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anita_RoddickAnita Roddick. As The Body Shop grew, Anita made a bid the rights to many of the products produced by Constantine Weir for The Body Shop. It was good to be associated with the fastest growing cosmetic company in the world which was using products and ideas by CW. This association was hampered after The Body Shop floated in 1984, when the partnership became uncomfortably formal. The Body Shop eventually bought the intellectual property rights to the business of Constantine Weir for  £9m in 1991. CW managed to dodge the buyout by starting a new company named ‘Cosmetics to Go’ in 1988. This company was primarily a mail-order business which failed ignominiously in 1994. However, CTG managed to obtain new finance from Peter Blacker, of British Ensign Estates and his finance director Andrew Gerrie, who now form an integral part of the board of Lush. In 1994, CTG was renamed to Lush as result of a contest wherein they requested their existing customers to suggest a new name. Leadership team Peter Blacker and Andrew Gerrie were the first to help Constantine when CTG was already in agony and later were responsible in establishing Lush. Gerrie, an opulent entrepreneur had tremendous experience in cash and finance, was a great support to Constantine after having lost his confidence following the CTG debacle. Gerrie had a catalysing effect on the growth of Lush’s fortunes and is leading the expansion of the company. Constantine’s expertise in producing cosmetics is well complemented by Andrew’s ability of managing finances. Constantine and Andrew are the recognised leaders of the company. Besides being experts in their respective fields, they are socially intelligent, organisationally efficient and have a strong sense of imagination. The leadership team of Lush includes Elizabeth Bennett,  Helen Ambrosen, Karl Joseph Bygrave and Margaret Joan who are also the shareholders. Global brand Lush is a leading global brand with over 600 stores and subsidiaries in 43 countries worldwide and production laboratories in Europe, Canada, Australia, South America, Singapore and Japan. Their aim is to offer â€Å"the freshest products in the history of cosmetics.† All the stores in UK are fully owned by the company and the stores overseas are subsidiaries with local managers. The Lush store partnership model ensures management coherence and commitment with the company. Personal ownership adds motivation while willingness to invest in Lush means that the Lush concept is endorsed. At the same time Lush remains directly involved and able to steer the branch. Lush does not supply any other retailer so everything they produce is only sold in Lush shops or on-line from Lush websites. Products Lush produces many different types of cosmetic products, from hair, face, body, and foot care, all the way to bath and shower care. Lush creates solid products to reduce packaging waste and the need for preservatives. Solid products are sold wrapped in paper or in small bags. Lush encourages customers and staff to purchase products using their own shopping bags to be more eco-friendly and even motivate customers to let their products go naked (without any packaging whatsoever). Some examples of Lushs solid products include bubble bath bars, shampoo bars, hair conditioner bars, solid shower gel, and massage bars. Lush also carries bath bombs, also called bath ballistics, which are solid balls made of sodium bicarbonate and citric acid that fizz as they dissolve in the bath, releasing essential oils that scent the bath and soften the skin, and in some cases glitter, confetti, flower petals or seaweed. They hand-make the products in a factory in small batches based on orders from indivi dual stores in order to keep their products fresh. In order to stay in touch with their fresh standard, Lush does not sell any product in their store thats older than 4 months and most products have a total shelf life of approximately 14 months. Ingredients Lush lists their product ingredients in English as well as Japanese, French and many other languages, and uses fruit, vegetables, other plant products, and safe synthetics. Many products are labeled with a use-by date and who made the product. All Lush products are vegetarian, and less than 30% contain animal products such as beeswax, honey, free range, unfertilized eggs and lanolin. Lush uses minimal packaging (over 70% of their products contain no packaging at all); the packaging that they do use is 100% recyclable and are made from used plastics and cardboard. Products which contain no animal ingredients at all are marked as vegan in Lush catalogues, on store displays, and on the container itself. Lush uses methyl- and propyl- parabens, which have been used in food preservation and are both made of plant materials. Only the liquid products contain parabens; solid products have no preservative content as it is water that can breed bacteria in products. 70% of Lush products are preservative-free. Ethos and campaigning Lush does not buy from companies that carry out, fund, or commission any animal testing. Lush itself tests its products on human volunteers before they are sold. In keeping with its stated ethos, Lush has also begun to phase out its use of sodium palm kernelate. Sodium palm kernelate is derived from trees in the natural habitat of orguntans. Greenwash, a pine scented soap, is the first soap to be made using palm-free soap noodles, but as of 2008 all Lush soaps are made with palm-free soap base. Their aim is to have 100% of [their] packaging easily recyclable, compostable or biodegradable†.   Lush is a supporter of controversial direct action, animal rights operations including the Sea Shepherds, a group that works to protect whales, seals, and other aquatic animals.   In 2007 Lush started openly supporting campaigning groups by sending a dozen cheques for  £1000 each, including road protests groups such as Road Block and NoM1Widening, Hacan Clear Skies (anti-aviation group), and Dump the Dump (which is fighting against an incinerator) They introduced the Charity Pot body lotion, each pot promotes a different small charity on the lid, and the full purchase price (except for VAT) goes to charity. They have also introduced a range of Go Green products that they say are inspired by Rebecca Lush (no relation), a roads campaigner who set up Road Block in the early 1990s and who pied Jeremy Clarkson for his glorification of the car. Benefits of Listing on Stock Exchange Listing on a stock exchange can add value to a business of any size. Moreover, stock exchange listing cast a wider net into the capitalization pool i.e. the potential sources of equity funding, when a company is planning for expansion and leveraging. A listing will also to attach importance to Employee Share Ownership Scheme of Lush. By obtaining a listing on a stock exchange, Lush will gain market exposure to a broader membership of the financial community including market makers, traders, retail investors and various financial institutions. This will eventually benefit Lush it’s a growing business and worth investing. Thus, listing will potentially increase capital investments of Lush, as opposed to private negotiations and networking, providing a better exposure to a larger financial market and wider range of investors.Being listed on an exchange implies that Lush meet the requirements and standards set by the exchange. This will add credibility to its business and therefore enhance its brand equity by improve customer’s perception of value in the company and its products. Moreover, listing will enhance financial information and investor public relations through the information/disclosures made available as required by listed companies. Listing will facilitate Lush to ascertain its Enterprise Value and share price. A need for capital investment is one of the main factors for Lush to lists on a stock exchange. Lush is a product based company and requires capital for producing inventories. Given the fact that they use on natural ingredients, their products are slightly expensive since they have to import or cultivate their ingredients regularly. Stock market listing will provide wider and more accessible forms of investment for both investors and businesses. This will largely support a free market for buyers and sellers to meet, access and trade capital for ownership and vice versa. It could also be used as one of several sources of capital leveraging. Lush finances its production through debt. Their debt gearing is a striking 40.63% which is very high for a product manufacturing company. Also their interest cover of 13.84% is also high. Listing on the exchange will provide a low cost of capital financing. It will also provide increased capitalization through wider market exposure and reduce the reliance on alternative sources of funding such as venture capital firms. This lower reliance for alternative sources of financing will improve negotiating leverage of the company when obtaining financing from venture capital firms whether it be through less liability protection as determined by the stock ownership terms or lower cost of capital. In other words, if the market exposure gained through listing is positive, the effects on financing can also be positive. To summarize, listing a business on a stock exchange may be a good idea for a business seeking improved market awareness, greater potential for capital investment, enhancements to brand equity and negotiating influence etc. Listing on an exchange should probably be in line with or in accordance with business strategy, otherwise the listing may be premature or unnecessary. Free Cash Flow Valuation The discounted-cash-flow approach attempts to determine the value of the company (or â€Å"enterprise value†) by computing the present value of cash flows over the life of the company. Since a corporation is assumed to have infinite life, the analysis here is broken into a forecast period and a terminal value. Ideally, the forecast period should equate with the interval over which the firm enjoys opportunities for relatively high growth. The value of the company derived from free cash flows occurring after the forecast period is captured by a terminal value. To estimate the terminal value, cash flows are projected under a steady state assumption that the firm enjoys no opportunities for abnormal growth. Once a schedule of free cash flows is developed for the enterprise, the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used to discount them to determine the present value. The sum of the present values of the forecast period and the terminal value cash flows provides an estimate o f company or enterprise value. Free cash flow equals the sum of NOPAT (net operating profits after taxes.), plus depreciation and noncash charges, less capital investment and less investment in working capital. NOPAT is used to capture the earnings after taxes that are available to all providers of capital (i.e., NOPAT has no deductions for financing costs). Moreover, since the tax deductibility of interest payments is accounted for in the WACC, such financing tax effects are also excluded from the free cash flow, which can be expressed as: FCF=NOPAT + Depreciation – CAPEX – ΔNWC NOPAT is equal to Operating Income x (1-Tc) where Tc is the marginal tax rate (30% equal to the UK corporate tax rate). Assumptions All items were taken from financial statements of Lush. The growth figures of sales for the year 2010 has been taken to be 30% which is the average sales growth form the year 2005-2009. After obtaining listing the company is supposed to have enough funds for operation and will not require any debt financing. Hence, the growth rate is likely to growth at an average 5% for the 1st five years from its listing. This phenomenon was also observed in the case of body shop where its growth shot up rapidly (22.54% in 1984 to an avg growth rate of 37.19% in 1989)over the 1st five years from its listing on the stock exchange. The risk free rate is taken to be 4% as an average risk free rate of debt. Also the risk premium has been assumed to be 4%. The cost of debt assumed is 11.5% because Lush does a lot of short term borrowing and rates are high and generally fluctuate. Also their gearing has been really high and implies that they pay a very high rate of interest. The stock beta has been obtained from The Body Shop (now L’Oreal). The Body Shop has been used as a comparable company since its origination, method of operations and business is very similar to Lush. Some of the items have been expressed as a percentage of Sales to help us in our forecasts (% of Sales approach). The given growth rates of L’Oreal have been used to compute Sales for 2010-SS.2 COGS and SGA can be approximated on the basis of their past relationship with Sales. We have assumed that this relationship will be the same in the future. We have assumed that fixed assets will continue to grow at a rate of 40.75% which represents the average growth in fixed assets between 2005-2009. In reality, it is unlikely that Lush assets will be growing at such high rate forever. The historical depreciation/Fixed Assets ratio (average) is 23.4%. Given that there is no great variation in this historical ratio one can safely assume that the relationship between the two will be maintained in the future. We can then calculate an estimate for fixed assets and as a result depreciation itself as a function of fixed assets. Valuation Stages We assume that the valuation exercise is performed at the end of 2009, i.e. that the first FCF (end 2009) arrives 1 year from the time of the valuation. Terminal Value is then calculated as follows: Terminal Value = FCFSteady State à · (WACC − gss)4 This is the value of all cash flows after 2014 as of the end of 2014 that then needs to be converted to value today (i.e. end of 2009). So it needs to be discounted 5 periods back. PV Terminal Value = Terminal Value / (1+WACC) Then the PV of the FCFs from 2010 to 2014 is: PVFCF2010-2014 = FCF2010/(1+WACC)+ FCF2011/(1+WACC)^2 + FCF2012/(1+WACC)^3 + FCF2013/(1+WACC)^4+ FCF2014/(1+WACC)^5 The Enterprise Value is then given by PV Terminal Value + PVFCF2010-2014 This is the value of the firm to all providers of capital. To get the equity value one needs to subtract the value of total debt (ST Debt + LT Debt) The terminal value growth rate used in the valuation is 15%, which equals the long-term risk-free rate; i.e., the long-term Treasury yield. Cosmetics companies are non-cyclical companies and have very little impact of inflation on their growth. Also Lush is one of its kind, and is therefore expected to growth at 15%. Looking at the its previous growth figures (18.94% CAGR for the past 15 years), 15% is a justified steady state growth rate. The resulting Enterprise Value is 81.02mil and the value of Equity 47.59mil. The corresponding per share figure is 2.13 pence which can then be compared to future actual share prices. References chx.com/content/Trading_Inform ation/Listing_standards.html ht tp://www.nasdaq.com/about/list ing_information.stm cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/U SStockExchs.html http://en.wiki pedia.org/wiki/Stock_exchange http://uk.finance.yahoo.com/q/ks?s=OR.PA reuters.com/finance/stocks/financialHighlights?symbol=OREP.PA 1. â€Å"Soap Stars†, The Business FT Weekend Magazine, 08.06.02 2. www.lush.co.uk 3. From a Lush shopping bag and website (www.lush.co.uk) 4. Lush mission statement 5. Marketing: Lush Gets a Makeover, Rotterdam School of Management, Erasmus Graduate School of Business, available on-line at www.brianlhill.com/projects/ExperienceMarketing_Lush.pdf 6. Reported by Sarah McCartney, Editor of Lush Times 9 Mary Linehan, Lush Press Office 10. â€Å"Living the Lush life† by Marge C. Enriquez, Lifestyle, 10.12.01

Free sample - The Clash. translation missing

The Clash. The ClashIntroduction Aesthetics is a philosophy that was concerned with the nature of art work and criteria of artistic art work. A clash in art work refers to noise that is produced when doing art work or bad objects which result from aesthetic work. In art work creativity and symbolic aspect of an object is considered.   Clash between aesthetics and function The clash between aesthetics and function has become an issue in architecture beyond reasonable doubt. The work of art including ceramics, textiles and art furniture was an architect designed modernist for apartments in early 1960s and 1970s.This was marked as the time when people had experience on design work based on social, civic and cultural significance. But nowadays, architecture work has changed because building aesthetic achievement has been left out from its real function. The work of artist architecture at present depends on clients; target consumer needs and products at consumer prices but contain professional grade functionality (Shiner 2003). The constructions of modern architectures are important in art museum though they incur challenges when relating with aesthetic and function museum designs. Art museum is a challenge because it needs a lot of art work in every stage of production. The category of art museum represent type of structures either explicitly created to commemorate important events like churches and civic buildings. Art itself has an important function which people admire and tour especially places like museums which have exiting features. The clash between aesthetic and function has totally changed for a decade ago. At that time many contemporary artists produced long and thoughtful observation products that were meant for spiritual purposes. For instance temporary exhibitions and installations were less designed as neutral containers for permanent works than areas of interactive experience (Shiner 2003). Conclusion The art of historical past and present has caused a clash in aesthetic work. The contemporary issues involved opposed conceptions of what social workers of art and modern artists have done. Different views between past and present art workers were raised in consideration of aesthetic and function thus continuing causing trouble in studio crafts. Reference list Shiner, L. (2003).The Invention of Art: A Cultural History. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Workplace Spirituality Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Workplace Spirituality - Thesis Example The findings of the study showed that the main challenge of adopting spirituality is that employees are not aware of the difference between spirituality and religion. In addition, expression of spirituality can only be achieved through the management's intervention. It is the most important factor because without the management's initiative to set clear guidelines on how employees can express their belief and promote spirituality; employees would continue to function as they do. With the adoption of spirituality, each employee would be recognized and diversity would be accepted, thus increasing job satisfaction and productivity. Interest in the concept of workplace spirituality continues to gain traction, as spirituality is taken into the context of connecting with one's inner self and the other people around him (Ashmost & Duchon, 2000). The conquest towards spirituality is not tied to incorporating religion onto the workplace or enforcing individuals to adopt a religious mindset. I n workplace spirituality, the concept of spirituality focuses on creating meaning out of work and finding the underlying purpose that forms the bond between the company and its employees (Ashforth & Pratt, 2010). Workplace Spirituality is referred to a culture in an organization wherein individuals are encouraged and empowered to search for purpose and meaning in the work they perform in light with one's physical and mental presence. It is in line with an employees' interest in connecting with each other and form a bond as a community (Besk & Jessup, 2004). Workplace spirituality is geared towards a harmonious environment in an organization, of people working together towards a common goal. It is important to note that the concept of workplace spirituality does not specifically cater to traditions or practices that have been organized. It is beyond the context of theology, wherein one leads as a spiritual guide among individuals. In truth, workplace spirituality focuses on the recog nition of each individual in a community under an organization (Cragg, 2000). The challenge in tapping spirituality in organizations is that it didn't used to exist in work management. Productivity models that are adapted in the workplace are directed towards efficiency without the necessity to be concerned of other people's welfare. In that regard, most organizations do not pay heed to an individual's inner life as common conception dictates that personal beliefs are to be separated from work (Besk & Jessup, 2004). However, it is important to note that studying human emotions help in expanding our knowledge and comprehension of the reason behind people's actions and the manner in which they act. In essence, tapping one's inner spirituality helps an individual understand others better in terms of behavior, thus leading to greater productivity and efficiency (Ashmost & Duchon, 2000). Research Problem The researcher intends to determine how the adoption of spirituality affects the wor kplace. Research Questions 1. What are the benefits of adopting spirituality in the workplace? 2. What are the challenges in adopting workplace spirituality? 3. How does workplace spirituality influence employee performance? Significance of the Study The present study is being conducted to identify the challenges and benefits of adopting spirituality in a work place setting. The researcher chose Convergys (a call center) in the United States to assess in terms of the impact of workplace spirituality is because this organization functions on a collective effort to attain the organization's goals. In addition, the type of job of most

Communications at work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Communications at work - Essay Example The managers are responsible for the performance of the entire staff of workers. It is essential for a manager to have excellent verbal and written communication skills. Corporations that achieve good internal and external communication are more likely to succeed in the business environment of the 21st century. The arrival of the broadband age changed the speed information travels around the world. Information travels in real time through the internet. The use of broadband internet has helped corporations maintain communication with employees and other stakeholders. The internet can be used to transmit real time video phone conversations. It can be used to replace traditional telephone lines with the use of VoIP technology. The employees of companies communicate with customer through the use of email communication. ... It is important for co-workers to maintain friendly relationship and to communicate with each other during work hours. A lack of communication hurts the synergy of a business enterprise. Synergy is achieved when the whole is greater than the sum of its parts (Schermerhorn & Hunt & Osborn). A work atmosphere where the employees maintain open communication constantly is a place where worker feel comfort and trust. When employees are unable to talk about their work related problems small issues can turn into catastrophic events. When the lines of communication become locked, the workers may make wrong assumption which leads to mistakes in the workplace. A lack of communication hurts the corporate culture of an enterprise. Companies that are dynamic and adaptive have good communications in place at their companies. When there are communication problems in place the problem must be solved from top to the bottom. The executive management team has to implement measures to improve communicat ions. There are different ways that communication can be improved in the workplace. A solution to a communication problem among the workers is to implement an intranet network that allows the employees to communicate with each other via the computer. If the company does not have the resources to design and implement an intranet the employees can open up a free yahoo mail account that allows the users to chat with each other. The Yahoo chat messenger can serve as a way to allow the employees to contact each other. Five clues that communication problems are occurring in the workplace are: 1. Teams aren’t achieving goals 2. Employees won’t readily cooperate 3. There are morale problems 4. Messages are not return promptly 5.

The Tiananmen Square Massacre History Essay

The Tiananmen Square Massacre History Essay With thousands left wounded, a seemingly countless number of citizens reported dead, and a country left with a damaged reputation. All of these were the results of a truly unforgettable and shocking event which happened on the 4th of June 1989, the Tiananmen Square massacre. In order to grasp a better understanding of this historical event, I have put together some sub headings and questions to break it down into a more understandable manner. What is Tiananmen Square? Tiananmen Square, situated in Chinas capital, Beijing, is the largest public space in the world. Being one of the largest tourist attractions in the world, it is surrounded by monumental public buildings that line its edges and vast spaces in between that echoes this scary event. It is named after the Tiananmen Gate (Gate of Heavenly Peace) located to its North. This gate separates it from the Forbidden City. Tiananmen Square is the Third largest city square in the world at 440,000m ². Today it has great cultural significance as it was the hosted site of several important events in Chinese history, including this famous 1989 protest, which ultimately lead to military suppression and the deaths of multiple protestors. What was the cause of the protest? After the war between the communists and the Kuomingtang (KMT) party in China, the leader of the KMT, Chiang Kai-shek, fled to Taiwan with his party. As this happened Mao Zedong, leader of the communist party, was given the advantage and then took control and launched multiple communist reforms such as the Great Leap Forward and the Cultural Revolution. The transition was slow, but the people of the Peoples Republic of China began to accept the change to communism. This was followed by the next chairman, Deng Xiaoping, attempting to calm the system that Mao Zedong had set up. Xiaoping would then try to convert China in his own way. He would begin by slowly easing China into a market economy, but by the year 1989, these economic and political changes had already given birth to two groups, groups in which were completely unsatisfied. The first group was essentially a group of students and intellectuals who, in their minds, felt that the reforms had not gone far enough. The second group was a group of industrial workers who believed, quite simply, the opposite. The workers believed that the reforms had gone too far and thought that they were also beginning to put their way of living in jeopardy. These two groups on April 15 1989 came together to begin their protests. This protest at Tiananmen Square was different than protests prior to this one. For example, the 1987 protest consisted of just students and intellectuals, and the 1989 protest included students, intellectuals and workers. Over a million supporters took part in the pro-democracy protest of 1989. The demonstrators at Tiananmen Square performed daily marches, and chanted The Internationale in their native language. This would be accommodated shortly after by a hunger strike, another tactic that the protestors engaged in. This tactic was very popular among the Chinese. At the beginning of these protests, some but not all attempts were successful, and actually made a negotiation with the government. These negotiations were soon overlooked by the government because of the visiting of Mikhail Gorbachev (chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet). This lead to a lot of press being present. The press found the protests fascinating and began to cover the scenes with extreme curiosity. Around the time of May 30 1989, the protesters erected the Goddess of Democracy, a symbol in which the people watching this on the television from home could associate the protests with. This statue was also known as the Goddess of Liberty. It was 10 meters tall and was constructed in only four days out of foam and papier-mà ¢chà © over a metal armature. It was built so big so it would be hard to dismantle by the government. This meant that they would either have to destroy the statue (an action which would fuel further criticism of its policies) or leave it standin g. After what seemed like endless negotiation and the Chinese government asking the students to return to their institutions, there was no co-operation between the two sides. This meant that the party elders of the government had to stop this protest by force. Martial Law On May 20th, 1989 Deng Xiaoping declared martial law. This is when military forces (in this case the Peoples Liberation Army) are called upon to bring a particular region or an event to a halt by any means necessary. On this day four convoys of military vehicles proceeded towards Tiananmen Square but were no longer able to advance any further upon reaching the thousands of demonstrators. These protesters were lecturing soldiers and appealed to them to join their cause and they also provided the soldiers with food, water and a roof over their heads. All government forces were forced to retaliate and withdraw their army on the 24th of May as they were highly outnumbered by the mounds of protesters. The authorities, at this point, saw no way forward. While this retreat by the government initially being seen as the turning of the tide in favour of the protestors went on, in reality every military region was sending units by rail and even by air. Regular airline flights were even cancelled due to the mass amount of military personnel travelling. Fall of the protest By the time late May had arrived, the protestors were getting very much disorganised and had no real leadership amongst them anymore. It dragged on so long that the face of Tiananmen Square was filled with serious hygienic problems and had overcrowding issues that werent taken care of. By June the leadership agreed that it was necessary to end the turmoil, and that the students occupying the Square should return to their campuses. However, this had many problems and they ended up struggling with the idea of using force. Through this, the members of Politburo had to agree that using martial law to restore order was the only option and on June the 1st Li Peng issued a report titled On the True Nature of the Turmoil, which was passed on to every member of the Politburo. This report basically persuaded the members of Politburo that these protestors were in fact terrorists and counterrevolutionaries. The report stated that the students were growing in numbers and their support was gaining strength. As the frustration grew higher and higher the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) decided that it would be best to clear Tiananmen Square as quickly and as peacefully as possible, but if the protestors would not comply, then the troops were authorized to use force to complete the job. On the evening of the 2nd of June, it was heard that a police jeep ran into four civilians, killing three, and injuring the other. This was the moment that sparked fear in the protestors that the police were trying to advance into Tiananmen Square. Roadblocks were made by the students at major intersections to prevent any further advancing from the troops, but this didnt stop them. In the early hours of June the 3rd, the first reports of violence on both sides were reported. Military advances to Tiananmen Square Soldiers and tanks from the 27th and 38th Armies of the Peoples Liberation Army were sent to take control of Beijing and clear Tiananmen Square. The 27th army was controlled and commanded by Yang Shangkun. Reports from the incident show that this army was responsible for most of the civilian deaths. Major General Xu Qinxian was the commander of the 38th army. He shocked the leadership when he refused orders from General Li Laizhu telling him to clear the square, he instead insisted on a written order. Xu was instantly removed from command and was later jailed for five years and following this, was expelled from the Party. As the word spread and more and more people found out that hundreds of thousands of troops were advancing from all four directions, panic broke out. The protestors began to flood the streets in attempt to block the oncoming troops. It was on this night that the army began to fire live bullets at the protestors, killing many of them. This took place near the Muxidi apartment buildings, home to high-level Party officials and their families. This sparked off riots in Tiananmen Square. The protestors would now throw rocks and Molotov cocktails at vehicles and on the streets and this, in turn, infuriated the officials. There were also reports of people burning soldiers alive in their armoured personnel carriers while others were beaten to death. Therefore, soldiers responded by firing at will on protestors. Many of the protestors were seriously injured or killed by the soldiers automatic weaponry, but fortunately rickshaw drivers who ventured out into no-mans-land rescued all they could and brought them to safety. Getting desperate and unable to move forward, the army therefore had to open fire on the civilians blocking their way. This shocked the crowd at first as they did not think that the army would use live ammunition. But this did not drive the people from the streets. The army tried everything in their power to evacuate the square but the protestors continued to fight back. Gas, smoke and randomly fired bullets were used against the demonstrators. Some of soldiers were even pulled from their tanks and beaten to death by the civilians. Some of the protestors left, in fear of risking their lives, but there were still hundreds of students left in Tiananmen Square by the time the army had reached it. Those who sought refuge in buses were ripped out from them by the soldiers and beaten to death with heavy sticks. In the early hours of June the 4th the tanks had smashed their way into the square, crushing vehicles and people with their way and by 5:40am the square had been cleared. Aftermath of the Massacre On the morning of June the 5th, people who were related to those who were injured or killed tried to enter the blockaded square but were shot at by the soldiers. Even when they tried to run away, the soldiers persisted in shooting them in the back. These actions were repeated several times. Finally order had been restored in Tiananmen Square but protests were still going on in other parts of mainland China. There were large protests in Hong Kong, where people wore black in conjunction with the demonstrators in Beijing. Other large protests were held in Guangzhou and in Shanghai. Many other countries had protests as well, all representing the people of Beijing with black bands worn around their arms. There is little to no evidence of how many people were killed during the massacre. Sources range from 1200 to 10,000 (including soldiers). To this day nobody has an official death count number. The Tank Man While a convoy of about a dozen tanks headed eastward into Tiananmen Square a day after the military crackdown, a skinny man dressed in a white shirt and black pants holding two grocery bags, stepped in front of the leading tank. This step was a step into history for him. As soon as the tanks reached the man they came to a standstill. They were face to face with this man. He swung his shopping bags beckoning them to turn around and leave, but the tanks didnt move from where they were. When the leading tank tried to turn to the right to go around him, the Tank Man would jump to the left in front of it and when it would try to go the other way; he would jump in front of it again, stopping the tanks in their path. After a brief standoff, the Tank Man climbed onto the machine and appeared to be trying to talk to the men inside. Shortly after, two men came up and dragged him away. The famous picture of the Unknown Rebel smuggled out of China under the noses of officials and soon appeared on the front pages of newspapers all around the world. This man became a hero, and a legend to some. The fate of Tank Man who carried out his famous act of civil disobedience on June the 5th is unknown, some say he went into hiding and others say he was executed. I felt inspired after I had watched the footage of the man standing in front of the tanks. It took a lot of courage to do such a thing, putting his life at risk for the sake of his people. Its sad to think that he is not very well known in China and is more recognised in other parts of the world. This is due to Chinas censorship that ensures that most Chinese dont know what happened in June 1989. Why did the government kill their own people? This is probably one of the most outstanding queries of the entire protest and in the end its down to personal opinion as to why they opened fire on their own people. This is mainly because the Chinese government has been really secretive about the whole incident and never really let out any information. In my opinion, I think the government had no other choice even though they knew they were doing wrong. The protestors were even putting themselves in danger already before the army even came, people were getting crushed and people were passing out with hunger. Im not saying that the government was right to decide to do what they did, because a lot of innocent citizens were killed and this is never right in any case. Reactions from around the world The type of footage shown on Western television was definitely the first of its type and truly shocked the public. The Chinese governments response was denounced, particularly by Western governments and media. Criticism came all over the world from places such as Eastern Europe, North America, Australia and some Asian and Latin American countries also. Asian countries were found to keep silent throughout the protests; the government of India responded to the massacre by ordering the state television to pare down the coverage to the barest minimum, so as not to put their relation with China in danger. North Korea, Cuba, Czechoslovakia and East Germany among others supported the Chinese government and denounced the protests. Underlying Causes. I have done some online research on this topic and it seems as though a few people think that the protests were not as the seemed to be. People ask what would get a group of people to create a historic even like this in the first place? were they trying to appear in the media? Or were they just standing up for what they truly believe? Some people even go far enough as to say that it was the Illuminati U.S government that contacted a few hundred students in Beijing and were contracted to cause chaos and confusion in Chinas capital and that its all part of New World Order. It may seem impossible or crazy, but their opinion is as good as anybodys and theyre entitled to it. Impact on China and the rest of the world. In Hong Kong, the Tiananmen Square protests led to fears that the PRC would follow up on its commitments under one country, two systems following the impending handover in 1997. In response the Governor of PRC, Chris Patten, attempted to expand the franchise for the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, which led to friction with Beijing. There have been large candlelight vigils attended by tens of thousands in Hong Kong every year since 1989 and these vigils have continued following the transfer of power to the PRC in 1997. There was also a giant impact on the Chinese economy after the massacre. Foreign loans to China were suspended for obvious reasons and tourism revenue decreased from US$2.2 billion to just US$1.8 billion. On top of this the foreign direct investment commitments were cancelled and there was a rise in defence spending from 8.6% to 15.5% in the following four years. This was just after a 10 year decline. Chinas international image was, needless to say, damaged greatly. Western media displayed real footage of the happenings while protestors in Beijing took this opportunity to create banners to display to the cameras in their best English. All international television networks were soon ordered to stop broadcasting their footage during military action, with the government shutting down satellite transmissions. Apparently, the only network that was able to record the scenes of the massacre without hassle during the 4th of June was Televisià ³n Espaà ±ola of Spain. Some foreign journalists were also faced with harassment during the military action. It is said that a cameraman was taken into custody while filing a report from Tiananmen Square via mobile phone. The Police at this time were very strict with cameras and would tell anybody they saw recording to stop immediately. The images that managed to break out of China had strongly shaped the views of Westerners and policy toward China in the next two decades. As for overseas Chinese students, the Tiananmen Square protests triggered the formation of Internet news services such as the China News Digest and the NGO China Support Network. Before this, there was little on the web. Organisations such as the China Alliance for Democracy and the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars were formed, although these organisations would have limited political impact in later years. The Tiananmen Massacre today The Massacre still lives with us today in different forms. Tourists are able to visit Tiananmen Square itself where the actual incident happened. Also there are various documentaries made and references to this famous event throughout the world. Theres even a 90 minute movie about the famous Tank Man. Songs have been written about the massacre and even paintings and drawings have been inspired by it. No matter how much the Chinese government try to hide this incident it will never be forgotten. April 15th 1989 to June 4th, 1989 marks an event forever in history that the Chinese and people worldwide will never forget.

Mamoni Raisom Goswami Essay

From a stepping stone to a Milestone Popularly known as Mamoni Raisom Goswami, Indira Goswami was an Assamese poet, editor, writer, professor and scholar who was also known as Mamoni Baideo. She was the pole star of Assamese Literature. The only second Assamese recipient of the â€Å"Jnanpith Award†, Mamoni Baideo was born on 14 November 1942 in Guwahati. Mamoni Raisom Goswami was born to Umakanta Goswami and Ambika Devi, who were very much attached to Sattra life of the Ekasarana Dharma. She was married to Madhevan Raisom Ayengar who died in a car accident after 18 months of their marriage. She studied at Latashil Primary School, Guwahati; Pine Mount School, Shillong; and Tarini Charan Girls’ School, Guwahati and completed Intermediate Arts from Handique Girls’ College, Guwahati. She majored in Assamese literature at Cotton College in Guwahati and secured a Master’s degree from Gauhati University in the same field of study. Mamoni Raisom Goswami suffered from depression since her childhood. Even in the opening pages of her autobiography, â€Å"The unfinished Autobiography†, there is a mention of her inclination to jump into the Crinoline Falls located near their house in Shillong. Repeated suicide attempts marred her youth. After sudden death of her husband, she started taking heavy dose of sleeping tablets. After she was brought back to Assam, she joined the Sainik School, Goalpara. After working at the Sainik School in Goalpara, Assam, she was persuaded by her teacher Upendra Chandra Lekharu to come to Vrindavan, Uttar Pradesh, and pursue research for peace of mind. Her expressions as a widow as well as an researcher finds life in her novel, â€Å"Nilakantha Braja† (The Blue necked braja). This novel is all about the radhaswamis of Vrindavan who lived in utter poverty and sexual exploitation in everyday life. One of the main issues which the novel revolves around is the lives of the widows for whom companionship beyond the walls of the ashram becomes impossible. The novel exposed the uglier face of Vrindavan- the city of Lord Krishna. Although the novel invited criticism of Mamoni Baideo from the conservative sections of the society, it still remains a classic in modern Indian Literature. This is the first novel to be written on this subject. The novel was based on Baideo’s research on the place as well as real-life experience of living in the place for several years. In Vrindavan, she mostly involved herself in studying the Ramayana. A massive volume of Tulsidas’s Ramayana bought there at just eleven rupees was a great source of inspiration in her research. After relocating to Delhi, India, to become Head of Assamese Department at the University of Delhi, the most glorious phases of her life begins. While at the university, she wrote most of her greatest works. Several short stories, including Hridoy, Nangoth Sohor, Borofor Rani, used Delhi as the background. Her two classics — Pages Stained With Blood and The Moth Eaten Howdah of a Tusker— were also written during this period. The other books completed while she lived in Delhi were Ahiron,The Rusted Sword, Uday Bhanu, Dasharathi’s Steps and The Man from Chinnamasta. At the peak of her literary career she wrote the controversial novel The Man from Chinnamasta, a critique of the thousand-years-old tradition of animal sacrifice in the famous Hindu Shakti temple to Kamakhya, a mother goddess, in Assam. Goswami reported that there was even threat to her life after writing the novel. In this novel she quotes scriptures to authenticate the argument she puts forward in the novel — to worship the Mother Goddess with flowers rather than blood. She said in an interview, â€Å"When the novel was serialized in a popular magazine, I was threatened with dire consequences. Shortly after this, a local newspaper, Sadin, carried an appeal about animal sacrifice, which resulted in quite an uproar—the editor was gheraoed and a tantrik warned me. But when the appeal was published, the response was overwhelmingly in favour of banning animal sacrifice. I also had to contend with rejection from a publisher who was initially keen and had promised me a huge advance, but who later backtracked, offering instead to publish any other book of mine. But the rest, as they say, is history and Chinnamastar Manuhto went on to become a runaway bestseller! † Mamoni Baideo was the winner of the Sahitya Akademi Award (1983), the Jnanpith Award (2001) and Principal Prince Claus Laureate (2008). A celebrated writer of contemporary Indian literature, many of her works have been translated into English from her native Assamese which include The Moth Eaten Howdah of the Tusker, Pages Stained With Blood and The Man from Chinnamasta. She was also well known for her attempts to structure social change, both through her writings and through her role as mediator between the armed militant group United Liberation Front of Asom and the Government of India. Her involvement led to the formation of the People’s Consultative Group, a peace committee. She referred to herself as an â€Å"observer† of the peace process rather than as a mediator or initiator. Her work has been performed on stage and in film. The film Adajya is based on her novel won international awards. Words from the Mist is a film made on her life directed by Jahnu Barua. Very dear to the hearts of every Indian, baideo’s death on 29 November 2011 has created a vacuum in the Indian Literature. She died in the Gauhati Medical College and Hopital (GMCH) due to multiple organ failure after spending many days in the intensive care unit (ICU). No one in the world would be able to replace her in the hearts of each and every Assamese person. Mamoni Baideo will always remain in our hearts forever just like the everlasting footprint on wet cement.